Window planing

The O’Briens having chosen Ennis Friary as their as their place from the 13th century, and the Macnamaras founding Quin and using it as their cemetery, the chiefs seem to have lost all interest in the Augustinian houses. Accordingly, it is only in the bell tower and a few windows in Clare, in a few windows and doors in Killone, and in the transept of Inchicronan that we find any trace of work later than the period of the foundation. The name of Kilmony suggests that Clare (like Inchicronan) stood on the site of an older church, but if so the only suggestion of a pre-Norman building at Clare may be an early-looking bullaun in a rounded block of pink granite, and, perhaps, a carved block over one of the northern windows of the choir. The church was originally a long oblong building, 128 feet by 31 feet, externally. The interior was subsequently divided into a nave and chancel by a belfry tower 15 feet 9 inches, and the chancel 48 feet 5 inches. The west window had fallen in 1680, but the gable was held up by its own solidity and the tightly-knotted ivy. It is now supported by a modern arch. There are a number of putlock holes in the north wall. In the same wall are a pointed door and a late traceried window of the same period as the east window, the hood ending in a human face to the north end (fig. 1, infra). Both walls are capped by plain neat cornice and broken battlements. The belfry has no staircase; it had three floors resting on corbels, the second had a double light window with cinquefoil heads in each of the sidewalls. The lower was reached by two large slightly-pointed doors opening on to the gutters. The battlements of the tower are low and badly-proportioned. The barge stones were nearly all loose, and some were balanced in most precarious state; they were reset in the repairs of December, 1898, and January, 1899. The arches underneath are pointed, are made of finely-cut limestone, with ribs resting on neat corbels; there are also corbels for a rood loft. The belfry dates from about the middle of the fifteenth century. A large tomb slab stands in the north recess under the tower, which is lit by a very primitive round-headed window slit with the usual chamfer and recess. The slab has no carving of inscription. The chancel had three north lights, a double one near the belfry, its head now destroyed, another of the time of the foundation. This has the pointed head recess and chamfer characteristic of the period, while over it on the outside is set a stone carved with scrolls (fig. 2, supra). East of it is a low arch, and between it and the other window is a pointed arch, long built up. The east window is late and of the same period as the one in the nave; it has two shafts interlacing into two large pear-shaped loops, and a smaller one at the apex (fig. 3, supra). The whole is set in the arch of the older and larger window which, like the opes at Killaloe and Canons Island, probably once had five lights. A modern tomb of the Laffan family occupies the site of the altar. The only others of note are those “of Charles Hallinan, dyed ye 15 iune, 1692.” Owen O’Haugh, 1726, and others of the same family; and one of Dennis Flin, 1755, near the altar, with a quaint epitaph:?— The church lies along the north side of the cloister garth, and projects 14 feet beyond the eastern rooms. A range of domestic buildings adjoins from the chancel, and another lies along the southern side of the garth. There were no buildings to the west of the cloister. The latter space is nearly square, being 85 feet by 85 feet 9 inches. The corbels and weather ledge along the church wall shows there was a roofed walk, probably without an arcade. It had a skew arch, like those at Clare Galway and Canons Island, but with a plainly chamfered rib and no corbel, at the south-east corner. . The southern wing contains a kitchen and refectory divided by a double fireplace with a lofty chimney, which leans ominously towards the east since 1868, when I first remember it. This was evidently an afterthought, and does not bond into either wall; a door lay to the north of it. The western room was two stories high, with a wooden floor resting on corbels. Much of its south wall fell out in 1875 or 1876. The south wing has nearly all its features defaced; there only remain two double-light windows with trefoil heads and heavy angular hoods, a type which was in common use in county Clare (both in churches and castles) in the middle of the fifteenth century. One of these is in the west gable, another in the eastern room; another window is thickly ivied, but seems to have had only one light. The rest were destroyed before 1793. [6] Four breaks, of which those at the extreme angles were evidently doors, open into the garth. A late gateway near the church is the only one in the west wall. Another leads into the nave, and three gaps and a door into the east wing, besides a long gap, probably made when the vault of the Crowes of Dromore was constructed about 27 years ago. The eastern wing, like the southern, is 20 feet 6 inches wide; it is 109 feet long. There is no visible trace of sub-division, and all the features are defaced except a small window-slit at the south-east angle and in the east wall, a rude door in the west wall, and a window in the south gable. This originally consisted of two oblong lights, the sill and shaft of which were broken away; above these is an elaborate and boldly cusped tracery, consisting of six trefoils and a quatrefoil, the whole framed in a projecting hood, richly moulded and coming down the sides. It recalls a window at Ballyhack, and a simpler one at Rathfran, in Co. Mayo. Nearly all the outer wall of this wing has been levelled. The site is in a grassy field with outcrops of rock, closely beset on three sides by swamps, into which the Fergus finds its way in floods. It was an unpromising site, very unlike those of the other monasteries and even churches, and, unless some sanctity attached itself to Kilmoney, seems badly chosen, being neither sheltered nor commanding, while better sites exist close to it in every direction. The district was, however, in some sense a focus of religious activity in the older times, six centuries before Donald More. Less than a mile to the north the grim stone faces on the ivied church of Doora stare across the swamp. Little over a mile to the east stands the venerable church of Killoe (Killuga in 1302), the cell of some Lugad, perhaps the earlier patron of Killaloe. About a mile from Killoe, the “Cyclopean” foundations, rude earthworks and well of Kilbrecan or Carntemple, mark the monastery, traditionally the earliest in Clare, founded towards the end of the fifth century by Brecan, son of Eochy Baillderg, one of the earliest evangelisers of Thomond and Aran.

Window Design Ideas

The greatest artists of the world had nothing more to work with than light and a blank canvas. Yet they created art that lasted for generations. What you do with your windows will likewise last for a lifetime – whether it’s a massive array of open views, or cozy glimpses of a cloistered world. Here are a few thoughts to guide your creative process:
Closer To The Light

The more light you let into a room, the more open and expansive it feels. By contrast, limiting the light creates a more defined, enveloping space. Either way, know that we’d love to help you find the happy medium between these extremes. Whether it’s a ceiling-high array of operable sash and fixed glass that dominates your living room, or a carefully-chosen moment of sparkle that accents your kitchen, windows work with your total design scheme. You can open up a room with as few or as many windows as you want. Obviously you can’t go higher than the ceiling, but you can drop windows to floor level to bring in more natural light.
Looking At The View

A window is more than glass in a frame. It’s an opening to whatever happens to be outside of your house. Which could be anything from a majestic mountain to a neighbor’s laundry line. Thinking realistically about what your windows reveal is just the first step. Then you should put on your thinking cap and find creative ways to let in that light, without letting in that less-than-perfect view. One easy solution is windows placed high in the walls; they allow plenty of light while masking the view itself.
Head For The Great Outdoors

Patio doors can be more than just a convenient way to bring in your sizzling hot dogs from your patio barbecue. Flanked by dazzling sidelights, or mounted within an array of space-opening transoms or direct sets, the entrance to your patio can be a tempting invitation to your visitors. Not only do patio doors let in an immense sea of light, but they also provide a plethora of unique design possibilities, fusing wood and glass in unforgettable ways.
Come Into The Light

All day long, light makes a show for you. Morning light is soft and unrumpled. Noon can be glaring or dry – either way, you’ll feel it as it blasts shadows and heat across your midday rooms. Early afternoon light is bold and stark, making sharp contrasts wherever it illuminates. While late afternoon light lingers lazily, as if reluctant to slip into twilight. And moonlight is another world– pale, serene, yet startlingly bright. Sit back and watch it all through your windows. Because the right windows let you see it all.

 

classroom design

The classroom design can be planned by educational architects with input from teachers and the schoolwidetask force. Such planning often begins with a room layout. (For examples of room layouts, see preschool classroom layoutand preschool classroom layoutThe location of the learning areas or centers within the classroom is determined by the location of resources (such as electricity, sunlight, and access to water) needed by the center, the areas that are adjacent (for example, noisy areas next to noisy areas), and the traffic pattern. Cubbies and message centers need to be near the entry area of the room. Art areas and sensory tables need to be near the sink. Science areas are best near windows for access to sunlight.Rooms and schools that are designed especially for the young child also include child-sized sinks, water fountains, and restrooms adjacent to the classroom. Materials and equipment within each center or area are carefully displayed so that they are accessible to the child. An attractive display of these items invites children's use. Labels on shelves and hangers tell children where to return materials. At preschool or kindergarten levels, picture labels often are used. In primary classrooms, words replace or accompany pictures on labels.

A laboratory room design

A laboratory is a space devoted to education, analysis, research, experimentation, and production.  Laboratories handle a variety of different materials, from gases and chemicals, from drugs to living materials.

Laboratories vary significantly depending upon several factors, including their intended function, the types of materials that will be handled in them, and how many people they will accommodate.  To that end, the design of a laboratory is extremely important.
The first consideration when designing a laboratory is selecting a site.  When siting a lab, it's important to review important criteria such as the health and safety of the population in the surrounding area of the laboratory, public perception, and environmental concerns, as well as engineering and operations plans.  The impact of both building and operating the laboratory should be examined carefully.  Sites should be chosen so that accidental contamination will have the smallest effect possible and will be able to be dealt with expediently.
Lot size and topography are also important to choosing a laboratory site, as are zoning and covenant requirements and restrictions.  The laboratory should be accessible, properly sized, and conveniently located near — or have easy access to — all suppliers.
Once a site is chosen, the next step is to design the laboratory room(s).  The first order of business during this step is to determine the preferred room arrangement based on data collected.  Things that should be taken into consideration include room size(s) and hood requirements, and how those will affect the room's layout, as well as the locations of exit doors, eye washes, and emergency showers.  Another thing that must be determined during this stage is the fire and explosive hazard levels of each room.  This information will be incorporated into the architectural planning in order to ensure that the lab design is not only efficient, but safe.
Once the laboratory room is designed, the next step is to work on designing laboratory wings.  Laboratory wings are groups of rooms that are organized into blocks, based on the rooms' similarities in function and requirement.  There are six major areas of consideration to be looked at when arranging blocks into laboratory wings.  These include:  number of floors, adjacencies and separations, flexibility and expansibility, windows, services and utilities, wing location and orientation, and the location of fourm word exhaust sta cks.
There are several principles that should be considered during the design phase of a laboratory facility.  For example, functions, haz ards, and risks will all have to be identified, so that laboratory activities can be grouped or separated as needed.  Things like wind direction, and potential cross-contamination between rooms, blocks, and wings, should be taken into consideration, as should the relationship between fresh-air intakes and exhaust stacks.
While it may seem peripheral, at this stage it is important to determine the materials to be used in framing, windows, exterior and interior doors, and corridors.  These will mostly be determined by the type of work being done in the laboratory, as well as the type of materials that these areas will be exposed to.  Depending upon the use of the laboratory, some materials will be safer and more efficient than others.
Another detail, but an important one, nevertheless, concerns furniture and casework.  These items are available in a wide variety of materials, including steel, wood, and polypropylene.  Again, the use of the laboratory will determine which materials are best.  At this point, lab furniture and casework layouts will have to be determined, as well as whether it makes sense to have a fixed or flexible arrangement.  The number of cabinets, refrigerators, and freezers used to store various materials, as well as where they should be placed, will also be decided at this stage.
When designing a laboratory, it always makes sense to call on the services of architects and engineers who specialize in this type of building.  There are many issues that are specific to the design and building of laboratories, and many complex problems to solve.  Using qualified professionals will help to ensure the safety and efficiency of the laboratory, regardless of its intended use.

Laboratory Design References

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